Craftmade ideology: William Morris

I understand that much persons or read can think that it is a homage to ideology that much would assimilate to socialism, but when we talk around Morris, we can consider much human principle but not certainly the socialism that not was present during life of Morris, his participation to life of worker we, today consider socialism, but it was alone interest for worker condition, and not certainly a ideological consideration with revolution, which neither Karl Marx has thought, we call this ideology  with name of socialism but we could call it with other name; the socialism neither with Marx will have a theoretical establishment, and Morris was very attentive to common life but he was also much utopian, theoretical and very distant by reality; anyway Morris is very known for establishment of Art and Kraft; exemple of Morris was very important for a consideration of humankind as human be and not alone as worker. William Morris born at March 1834 in Clay Hill, he attended the Preparatory School in Walthamstow and among 1848 to 1851 he attended  the Marlborough College, where he found books around Middle Age, after college he is helped by a preceptor, F. B. Guy, who prepared William for access to Exeter College, but William is busied also for translations by Homer and Virgil. He was admitted to Oxford at 1852, and there he become very friend with Edward Burne-Jones. He wrote also a poem with title Dedication of the Temple, which considers Crusades with rightly spirit. His choice around Middle Age is consolidated after visit with others student in France and above all cathedrals of Abbeville, Amiens, Beauvais Chartres, Rouen and Paris; but he worked also for Oxford and Cambridge Magazine, 1856, and he started to work in store of architect George Edmund Street, neo-gothic architect, and there he learned technical drawing, model clay and carving of wood; but very important for development of Art and Kraft will be meet with Dante Gabriele Rossetti, who suggested to Morris a transfer to 17^th Red Lion Square, and there will begin work of Art and Kraft, and in fact furnishings is worked by same members, Morris continued to write he published The Defence of Guinevere and Other Poems, and at 1861 is created officially Company Morris, Marshall, Faulkner, with his manifesto with principles, it says: The development of decorative art in our country, for enforce of architects has reached a high level because artists with much reputation can dedicate time and busy. Certainly much exemple are very good but we must consider that they are insufficient again. Till now the direction which guarantees harmony among different share of work is absent, because spend is very much if one distract an artist by his job for to assume this direction. The artists above mentioned try get over this difficult, also because among them are also different artists, and they will can start every decoration, both painting and other also small object, also those modest, they hope that for this collaboration the price of artistic job became very small; because they have studied very much decorative art of every country, and they have recognized lack of company capable of a very good job; for this they have founded a firm for to work decoration of homes, churches and monuments, every sculpture for architecture, windows and considering above all harmony with walls; metal works every gender, also jewellers; furnishing whose beautiful is for together, and tapestry and other decorative materials. We must add that these materials will be worked for commerce, and we believe that good decoration, which has good point rather good point of richness will be less expensive in confront of one considers generally. During exibition in South Kensington at 1862, and where are appreciated furnishing of Philippe Webb, much commissions for church and home are present; in fact this firm decorated armoury and tapestry room of Jame’s Palace, and Dining room in London, where Morris and other were transferred. Morris continued also with his literary work, and at 1867, he published The life and dead of Jason and following The Earthly Paradise; at 1869 he published the translated by Icelandic, language which he has learned for Eirik Magnusson, The Saga of Gunnlaug Worm-Tongue e del Eyrbyggja Saga, The Story of Grettis the Strong. After Rossetti got out from firm, it continued with wallpaper and tapestry, at 1875, and again at this year he is elected Examiner to School of art in South Kensington; Morris while matured his ideological conscience and he criticized the war against Russian with a pamphlet with title Unjust war. He is elected also, at 1877, secretary of Society for the Protection of Ancient Building, and after he become treasurer of National Liberal League. It seems that ideology of Morris now is become socialism, with pamphlet Summary of the Principles of Socialism, 1884, determined for Morris exclusion by middle class circles, but with inclusion to Democratic Federation, and conferences around art and richness. He continued his publicity for Art and Kraft Exhibition Society, and a year after his death he founded a printing works; in fact he bought a villa in 16^th Upper Mall, and there he created  the Kelmscott Press, after much arrested and other personal episodes he died at 3th October 1892. For judgement around to ideological activity of Morris we must consider judge of Engels on him and other: “We not could find three men less adapted for an political organization than Morris, Aveling and Bax”. Morris seen for the corporatism of Middle Age an age almost Arcadian past, more ideal rather real, when an artistic work was destined to history and use; this concept was expressed by Morris at a discourse talked in Edinburg, October 1889, for Congress of National Association for development of art: “Applied arts is chosen for this gender art. What do we can understand around this word? That this society want demonstrated, when it mentioned applied arts, is ornamental quality that men use for give to useful object…Without hesitation I say that to apply art and decoration to useful object is duple, first for give beautiful human work and second because it gives joy same work, otherwise it would be dislike…This declaration around human job but not artistic I want fixed on your mind; if you not give art to useful object, you will have insignificant object, and a object that will have same destiny of cover infected…During this discourse Morris given referent to synergy of art and artist: “ The unit of arts is like a beautiful home, fit for aim and with flourishment. Or it can be one most beautiful and splendid public building, built for aspiration of citizens…This is artistic unit: this home, this church and this municipality building, built and decorated by concord enforce of a people. If creator of this building is great architect, painter or sculptor, an engraver, mosaics worker and weaver, neither for this case he could think and works all these alone; something of his genius is present also at other members of community…”, but ideology is inconcrete now we must inquiry also workers of store Morris’s, more known as Marshall, Faulkner Co., wall paper manifests a right adhesion to stylization that concentred drawing in graphical work and some concession to Oriental culture, above all for mellifluent lines; for Birds, duple weft, it is evolution of Norman cloth, but gathered at exuberant decorative works marks medievalism of Morris, but with Arabic remind.

Alessandro Lusana  

                               

Tradition

I have chosen this title, very general and insolvent because not explains the choice, but it is very laic choice because I want explain what is motive for hagiographical literature, above catholic culture, which assumed during his history much characteristics of pagan culture and above all for his hagiographical tales; I consider last hagiographical biography, that saint Francis from Assisi, whose author is Saint Bonaventura, general father of Franciscan order, who has had serious duty to write life and miracles of this saint; but during read of this book is evident that much episodes have biblical origin, the miracles of water from stone(Fig.1) is assumed directly by Ancient Testament, Moses who quenches thirst in the desert(Fig.2), and other miracles which are took directly by Ancient Testament; but general consideration of this book as all hagiographical literature is very assumed from mythological literature; we can believe or no to miracles but it is very credible that these are from pagan model and although these aren’t mirror are same spirit; difficult that heroes, now is the saint has confronted is model of pagan literature and mythological archetype, same hero who with prayer defeats danger, like mythological hero defeated dangers with material armies and with divine help, because we must remind that often pagan gods are intervened to favour some hero as disfavour hero; Laocoön was slain by big serpent for will of Hera(Fig.3), Aeneas was helped by his mother Venus in Aeneid of Virgilio(Fig.4), as Antes giant who lived in Libya and who took force and energy by his mother word and whom was slain by Heracles because he embraced him and removed by word(Fig.5), these are alone some exemple necessary for explication of this concept, therefore mythological heroes become Christian with these hagiographical biographies; but pagan culture in Christian culture and costumed was always present also with these legends, because these are this, legends, necessary for  take trust of faithful; and it is motive because Luther deleted these literature and cult of saints, because these are document of pagan translation of literature. Tradition is present in translation by Pagan literature to Christian culture, and translation in latin language is Traditio, this is translated or tradition, this is hand down or hand on. 

Alessandro Lusana 

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Natural behaviour of Tintoretto

This essay wants consider, to painting of Jacopo Robusti, called Tintoretto because his father used dyeing for cloth, natural behaviour of figure in holies subject, some exemple I think is sufficient for consider this concept: the Crucifission(Fig.1), in Saint’s Rocco school, is a exemple very important of this natural spirit; representation of scene is very natural and almost daily: Christ on centre is moment most important but ladder on back is motive for daily and other condemned, one on left and other back are motive for natural behaviour, this subject isn’t holy but alone daily, every figure live this moment with natural spontaneity and major naturalism is given by figures of familiars of Christ below cross, because while other the figures are busied they are involved by pain for this moment, but others not, therefore dramatic moment is more lived alone by familiars, while other haven’t interest, as it is natural. But I think that maximum of natural ideation is to Nativity(Fig.2), where plane is scanned for two floors and natural is emerging because cow below seems important role of this moment and men and women are busied for other questions, therefore holy moment is alone a moment a marginal moment, animals and humankind are very distant to event; the figures around this subject, usually, are very much and all involved by a principal event, this is nativity, but now with much laicism, everybody, except somebody, are involved on contrary everything is natural in spirit, therefore in behaviour. But comparable to this naturalism is Last dinner(Fig.3), in the church of Saint Major George, Venice, here Tintoretto shows his natural concept of humankind and holy subject: in fact he has took a holy subject and he has used it for representation a dinner of a party; everybody is natural, nobody looks holy subject; waiters and waitress, above all the dishwasher on centre is motive for consider laicism of Tintoretto, everything is taught for a not holy event, all is natural, Christ, and apostles and other figures which are around table, nothing suggests holiness of moment, it is a moment among friends and not certainly a last dinner, natural behaviour is dominant, human nature is dominant and not holy nature.   

Alessandro Lusana

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Alter ego

Simon was a boy old 20 years with spirit of his age and enthusiasm and conviction of his age, he would become a player of football, he attended University and he was very clever around scientific matters, but football was his principal passion. While he was in classroom or other place, he was usually sees a man whom alone he sees, a man with face and body much similar his, and he everyday talked with this persons; he known that this man was older than Simeon and body was less robust than Simeon, he tough that he was a dead parent, Simeon was expert or he judged himself as expert of paranormal, and he has had much experience to paranormal, therefore he not was freighted for this presence; he talked and quarrelled, but this image was always judge ineluctable, every though or action he judged and considered what was better to Simeon, and often he repeated: “I know it because I have experience”, and Simon was very astonish because experiences of Simon were alone Simon, but he after a small consideration tough other. Like boys of 20 years also Simon known a girl, beautiful and very much egocentric; for this condition Simon tough ask advise to his image: “What is your think around Eva?”, and image: “I would leave hers because she doesn’t loves certainly you, she loves above all herself, but you must get over this experience”, and Simon: “Do you think it for your experience?”, and image: “Yes same condition and similar woman, but you will make this mistake so that you can learned what is love”, and Simeon listened these words but he considered it very false. After sex months Simeon talked around Eva to image, and: “You was right in fact Eva was a egocentric and braggart; when I would worked something that was mistake you was always present for an advise or for reproof, you are much experience and often this experience is similar my, how is possible that we have same experience?”, and image: “After years we know one other you haven’t asked my name”, and Simon though it and: “Yes I don’t know your name, what is it?”, and image Simon, and Simon: “Like me”, and image: “Yes because I am you, our similarity is because I am you among 30 years, and experience that you have got over I know ready, I am Simon, you Simon, and no other, Eva was alone one of girls who you will love, but you must love them because I live for your experience, I am your experience, therefore my life is for you, therefore I will can advise you for mistakes but you, fortunately, will continue make it. Therefore I wait next error”. Simon looked image and: “What is my next error?”, and image: “if I tell you what it you don’t make it and I don’t exist, you live for your errors, therefore you must wait next error.”

Alessandro Lusana                            

Very strong

A man was seated in a room and waited that somebody arrived, in fact somebody arrived and seated in front of first man, between twice men was a table and first man, whose name was Socrates looked other man whose name was Hercules, a very famous for his strong, physical force, and he makes everybody for to remark his physical power, he showed his muscles and everybody was opportune for to show it; Socrates who has understood think and will of Hercules started his discourse: “Very wonderful your body, you are very astonishing, and you are a sculpture, a god”, and Hercules: “Thank you, yes I am very strong, my muscle are very strong, my body is very strong, and…”, and Socrates: “And your spirit?”, and Hercules: “Spirit? What is it?”, and Socrates: “For Locke, an English philosopher is interior projection of brain, and therefore your brain is strong as your body?”, and Hercules: “What do I must make with brain or spirit? These aren’t my enemies and I not must fight them”, and Socrates: “Yes, it is true! If somebody no considers your body, if somebody judges your body very astonishing but may not much, because somebody has seen also better somebody, do you feel offended?”, and Hercules: “Not, certainly”, and Socrates: “I say, yes, certainly! You would feel offended because to you is necessary that somebody, or everybody, shows compliment to your body, and I want know if to you is important that somebody shows compliment to your body, it true or not?” Hercules very embarrassed answered: “Not it is important” and Socrates: “I believe it, but may owing to you have showed me your muscles, because of it isn’t important that somebody appreciate your body; I think contrary that you want that everybody see you and you have force by this compliment; but your interior is very weak, your force is external, it is manifest because your interior is weak, it is compensation, that you aren’t interior you are external, you are very interesting case, because that you would be interior you show externally, your physical external force is projection of your will, you would be very strong interiorly; therefore your muscles are representation of your interior weak, because you would be strong interiorly how much you are strong external, all your muscles are the clear manifestation around of your will, secret will, you want be strong as you are out, therefore you are very weak”, and Hercules: “Weak?”, and he menaced a boat to Socrates, who answered: “You are giving me right, because you are angry, and your reaction is sign that you are very weak; if I have judged you physical weak, you laugh for this comment, because you see every day your force, but alone external force and never your interior weak; that you not see with yourself I see now, but I aren’t you”, and Hercules: “Do you want say that I aren’t a bad? Do may you want say it?”, and Socrates: “Bad? What is bad? May those persons who believe that bad is who fight ever and has very power? These persons?”, and Hercules: “Yes”, and Socrates: “You aren’t a bad because you are weak, and now you have said it”, and Hercules: “Not, I haven’t made it! You have said it”, and Socrates: “Certainly, I have said it because you haven’t courage say it, and if you consider a bad who has power, then you can consider political power, very weak!”, and Hercules: “Weak, political power? Very good cue, political power can much, or better very much”, and Socrates: “Yes, because people has allowed that this power was present, and today this power is present like tomorrow same people want that this power isn’t; therefore power is between hands of people and not certainly between hands man alone”, and Hercules: “Yes but he can makes…”, and Socrates: “What?”, and Hercules: “Everything”, and Socrates: “Or nothing! Because he is weak as you, because he, as you, has need people, therefore he dependents by others; you must consider also that political advisor is sign of weak, because if policy man was sure to his work not certainly ask other what is good and not”, and Hercules: “Do you are always sure around your chose?”, and Socrates: “Yes, I have decided to die in Athens and I could escape because my friend could it, and I could go away to Thebes and to escape death; but I not betray my principles and I would die in Athens where I was born, because the laws of Athens were right but wrong persons who apply these laws, but who would Socrates dead? Judges or people of Athens?”, and Hercules: “Judges”, and Socrates: “Not, certainly”, and Hercules: “But they have condemned you”, and Socrates: “Yes, but they have been alone bearer will of people, therefore they were weak because they dependent by others”, and Hercules: “In your opinion who is very strong?”, and Socrates: “Nobody, neither gods, because pagan gods today aren’t because aren’t pagan; and to be bad it means that you have limited your dependence by somebody, but also that you have understood  your weakness, and you want correct it, but first you must train your brain, because only force is rational think and capacity to understand so that everything become rational, so you will understand and with rational think you not will fair, so you become bad”, Hercules looked his muscles and: “But I have my force therefore it is useless”, and Socrates: “Yes power of illusion, fortunately I haven’t your muscles”, and he got up and gone away. 

Alessandro Lusana              

The realism of Poe

We are costumed think to Edgar Allan Poe like a writer of mystery, of anomalous phenomenal, terrible event; but it is alone a critical legend, because if we read all book Poe’s we note that he is very next to reality, The slope on Maelström is description also bother of nature, Premature funeral rites is other motive for consideration of a reality, The sphinx is other tale that describes perfectly impression which we can take by an insect and after we become big for his proportions, as other tales which don’t talk nothing, moment and feel of protagonist with images , The man of crow  is catalogue of men and human typology that certainly Edgar has seen during his job for journalism, therefore the impressions which he talks are personal episodes which he has kept in his memory and after he has translated on paper; but it is alone real no certainly imaginary or fantastic, other exemple the tale Appointment Edgar describes Venice, or at last some particular with much precision: “There was to Venice…A dark night. Big clock of Place was ring fifth Italian hour, Around bell tower was silence, and light of ancient Ducal Palace die soon.”, and he continues with this punctual description and with episodes which haven’t connection with tale but are necessary for to describe characters and impression of figures, he describes also gestures and expressions, but everything is took from reality, from real life and episodes which Edgar has seen; therefore he describes the real movements and  real life, may mystery here is very small.

Alessandro Lusana                

Eva and Eva

Eva was a girl more charming and intelligent, usually girl beautiful and intelligent aren’t, blonde and an athletic physical, she was swimmer, she was born in family keen of sports but contrary other member she has big love for literature, and she wanted teach European and American literature, she was perfect studious who lavishes love bother for sport and literature; she has got over all examination and she has very important results, her family was very proud for her successes. But a problem was when she must chose matter of her thesis; she was in her chamber and she was thinking constantly what argument; Melville, Poe, contemporary author in USA, but she has red very much but authors were very little, and ready treated by much persons, therefore this argument was very difficult; she looked again the wall and a figure showed himself, a woman with a pen in right hand and he was writing; he raised eyes and: “I think that you have much problems, and you haven’t solutions, you must write a thesis but you don’t know argument, and you want what is argument, or no?”, Eva was very astonished and she asked: “Who are you?”, and image: “A writer, and you haven’t argument, therefore you can become this difficult a tale, how is born a tale, take now your condition, you have confusion because much argument you have in your head and you are searching an argument, it is right?”, Eva, more astonished than before, answered: “Yes?”, and image: “The argument of your thesis can be confusion before write a romance and how to write a romance, it is method of writer, you can explicate how to write a romance, take ideas and write them, on contrary answer this question: “How do you write a romance?”. This question wants an answer, you give this answer”, and Eva: “I could start with a history, love history”, and image: “Love history? Between?”, and Eva: “Between a girl and a boy”, and Image: “Very original! Compliment. We have alone a million and half of these histories; but it isn’t important, because that is important is how do you tell this history?”, and Eva: “What do you mean?” and image: “If you think that a history around love is always different you are falling, because it is always same; therefore is important that you give to your history something very different”, and Eva: “What? History between lovers are same.”, and image: “Precisely, always same, you must think a history that is different”, and Eva: “Lovers could be two women, lesbian love”, and image: “How do you took this idea?”, and Eva: “Today much couple are homosexual, and…”, and image interrupting: “Therefore the real is opportune for your history, and do you have seen that much couple are homosexual”, and Eva: “Yes”, and image: “Think other, some episode that you has lived directly or no”, and Eva: “My boyfriend who has loved me for to take other girl”, and image: “This is method, your experience which now you must alter”, and Eva: “I feel again this offense, and I can’t write around it”, and image: “You are protagonist, and you can describe perfectly what is emotions of protagonist, and you can slavish this emotion in your romance”, and Eva: “It is usually love history, therefore…”, and image: “Between two women is different”, and Eva, whose reaction was for instinctive female rather for other, in fact she spitted, and: “No, I am a woman and no certainly a depraved”, and image: “You could get over this conception writing a romance; you are a woman as two protagonist, you can chose your love, your man and your feel; they can chose their love, their woman and their feel; it isn’t pervasion, but alone a romance which you live, and these emotions you must become rational and slavish to your romance; you must consider: 1)you have took reality 2)love history that is original, two women and no a regular couple 3) search an element very original which in romance will be clear alone finally”, and Eva: “Yes! I have found” and she took soon a pen and written something, and image: “What is original element?”, and Eva: “One woman is dead, and other loves alone picture of lover”, and image: “Why not twice are dead?”, and Eva: “Because this romance can’t have two dead protagonist”, and image: “Why?”, and Eva: “Because not could be an history”, and image: “On contrary history is, because, it is history, two lesbian lovers dead, who tell their history after death; you must take reality and you must alter this, but your start must be real”, Eva laydown on bet and she awaked soon after and asked: “But who are you?”, and image: “I am Eva among much years! Good night!”.

Alessandro Lusana