The philosophical dialectic of Fichte

The dialectic is a concept that in philosophy is very much frequent, and its nature is vary various, and we must consider also the dialectic of Johann Gottlieb Fichte(1762-1814), that has determined the dialectic of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel(1770-1831), but the dialectic of Fichte is the following and he tells it: “The I and not I are set in the I, and in the I as mutually limited one other, this is the reality of one limits the reality other. This proportion encloses the two proportions following: “The I set the not I as limited by not I…”, and again: “The I is set the first as absolute reality, and after as limitable reality, and truly limitable by not I. But everything have set by the I; and these thing are therefore, the moments of our proportion.”; but what means it? An example is necessary absolutely: if we set two person in a small room, and their name are I and not I, one of them occupies the space of other, and I is occupying the space of not I, but not I is occupying the space of I, why? Simple because he is in the same room, and physically is there present, inasmuch he is occupying the space that is his, certainly, but that he is occupying is space, for its nature; hence the not I is together to I, it is the concept. The following words are likewise true: “The reflection must begin from the theoretical part, although if we are going to see that the theoretical part, that yield possible the practice, because the theoretical part is possible alone for the practice(the reason for its nature is purely practice, and that it become theoretical  alone extending its laws toward to not I…”, and the explication is more clear for the following words: “The not I determines, actively, the I, that is passive. The I is determined, every activity must begin from the I…I a proposition has affirmed that, in other is denied. Reality and negation hence annul one other, and not annul them, but they must be cancelled and it occurs alone for the limitation or determination…”; taking the example of two men in the room the space of one is occupied from other, inasmuch the space of one, that he is I or not I, is limited, this is determined, therefore cancelled, and in fact Fichte explains masterfully: “The I determines itself, is attributed to I the absolutely reality. The I can determined itself alone as the absolute reality, because it is the absolute reality, and toward its nothing negation is set. Nonetheless it have to determined alone form itself…”; this is the example by now familiar of two men in the room, the space is determined from the I and he can occupy his space and also other, because he is the principal motive for the life of the not I, because if the I not exists neither not I would exist, and the following word is more clear: “…the I determines the reality, and through it, itself…”; this is the man I has his reality and his space and he allows also to other man not I his existence, because, as we have read above, without the I not would exists not I, and in fact he explains: “The not I is opposite to I; and to its there is negation as in the I is reality…”; this is if the man I has all the space of room, the other man, this is not I, hasn’t the space, and he represents the negation of the I, and Fichte explains the synthesis: “One and other this is the absolute, totality in the reality of I and the absolute negation in the not I must be joined for the determination…”; and this point is very important, because the determination is the result of union between the I and not I, that finally give the synthesis, this is the final exit of the conjunction. It is the very charming description of the dialectic of Fichte, whereby for the example of two men, one man is melted to other, and the final result is the room empty, because the men are melted between them.

Alessandro Lusana