Continuatio Caesaris: dictatura rei publicae constituendae

The title of Latin language is explication of this essay; this is continuation of Caesar, why? Because we can consider that the reign Caesar’s in 48 b.Ch, had been a restauration of Republic state in Rome and Empire, he has united two social classes, because these were necessary to empire, this is mind and pragmatic strong; the powers of Caesar and dignity extraordinary given to him were very important, and we can think that these powers, so relevant, institution of ancient Rome given to Caesar because framework was very dangerous and rebellions and riots were possible every day; thereupon Rome needed of a chief that was very friend of people and patrician, that faired rather love him; therefore reign Caius Octavian Augustus’s(63 b.Ch.-14 a.Ch), adoptive son of Caesar, has used same method, very pragmatic of Caesar, that after the civil war he has united all principal classes of people, patrician and plebeian, the first was the mind and second that hands; thereupon he united those classes because political disorder in Rome would causes insurrections everywhere in empire. In 22 b. Ch. he has refused dictatorship for a famine very serious that took Rome; Caesar refused crown in 44 b.Ch., he refused become king; the step of narration of Augustus is following: “Dictatorship both present and absent to me offered by people and Senate…”, and other episode that defines this intention: “three times on19-18-11 b.Ch. has been offered to Augustus the extraordinary magistracy as keeper of costumes and laws”, he refused but because this office he wanted share to other, ibn conformity to ancient costumes; certainly but also and it is necessary because he wanted keep a republican regime. Other costume that Augustus has took is a celebration of a cult, he said: “The my name is enclosed by Senate in Saliare(a celebration of an archaic rite with a carme, a poesy of ancient times, but name of Augustus has been written by Senate, in conformity of republican use; and  he took office of Pontifex Maximus, the more great office in religion, in 12 b.Ch., alone by people that given this role and he specifies that it no certainly from hereditary, because just Caesar has had this role. Therefore he has respected every political costumes of ancient Rome, and he, sometime alone, uses power that he really has had.

Alessandro Lusana

 

The drama of space: Borromini

The space is infinite as galaxy or infinitely little as atom but we are humankind and therefore we have our proportions, above all to architecture, here drama is from ancient greek δραμα, this is drama this is action, therefore we can see and consider that architect is very impressive,  classic, neoclassic or other; certainly in this other is present Francesco Castelli(1599-1667) called Borromini, he exalted the dynamicity, almost futurist space, Futurist matter of architecture, he has dynamized the space and he has more preferred the form than use, we can see Saint Carlo to four fountains, Rome, where all is dynamic and Borromini announces this strong vigor of perimeter on facade(Figs.1-3), but it isn’t alone and empty announce that hasn’t following, because it is continues to intern(Fig.4), the dome is likewise dynamic and although the space is very modest the compensation is in form, that between empty and saturated, as the columns(Fig.6), that has space that is long and short; this movement, very strong, is soul of this church and of Borromini. We can consider that Francis is very revolutionary, certainly it, but he has adopted a simple and elementary method, used from ancient architecture of Egypt, this is the geometry; he has used geometry to different criterion, this is; he isn’t rational as Renaissance he isn’t aseptic but he has given to space life, the architecture life and involve faithful or visitor, all is sacred in church because they must pray, but nothing suggest that that is a church. Same the concept that he adopted to Saint Ivo, other church(Figs.7-10) where he is likewise dynamic and contradictor as Saint Carlo, because the dome is similar(Fig.10), likewise lively and between empty and fall(Figs.9, 11), he concedes to façade a moment of Renaissance because concave shape of façade(Fig.12) is  very rational but he remember that Renaissance is past, because convex shape up is baroque, therefore concave are hands that embrace faithful and in church this dynamic spaces seems a theatrical stages (Fig.13); thereupon all is spectacle; also this church we can know that is so alone somebody has indicated, but we can confuse it to theatre.

Alessandro Lusana                 

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