Every philosophy is particular and universal

We must consider that concept of particular in conformity of opinion of Hegel(1770-1831), this is from universal concept typical of philosophy a think can become inherent to object of concept very much human, therefore it is particular, from universal it is very relative, thereupon particular. We can consider that every philosophy is particular; Greek ancient philosophy was busy to examination about nature, therefore particular, through Socrates(died 399 b.Ch.) born anthropological period of philosophy, that is always relative, because on contrary the nature considered human and his wit, his nature, after ancient is Middle Age that considers through theology God, certainly universal, but it become particular to Christ, that was human, and saints that are human; philosophy of history is particular because inquires human become during time and phenomenological events, wars, economy, culture, therefore it is particular. The absolute spirit of Hegel is very particular because it is brain, human brain, thereby very human, philosophy of science is particular because inquires a matter of human knowledge, the science. Then is particular and universal because it inquires both universal God and human Christ, thereby it is human, this is particular, and universal this is God, but we can consider that theology can become alone particular although inquires alone God, because it is universal but is one, this is one concept, one alone, thereupon it is particular, because one alone object, as philosophy of history, of science, aesthetics, moral, of religion, these inquires alone one matter one argument. But we can consider that in its matter every philosophy, usually, takes every size of his matter, the aesthetics philosophy inquires painter, literature, poetic, sculpture, music, therefore it is universal in its field, limited to confront of philosophy inquire but universal regard its field, thereby every philosophy is particular and universal. The sckeptics considers everything opinable, therefore they are universal philosophy, they can say, but reality they are particular, because they must consider that about material reality we can't doubt, thereupon they become particular because they limite field of inquire and method.

Alessandro Lusana

                  

 

A head is worth a revolution

During the read of added of National assemble, born in France after the French revolution, in spite of emphasis and solemn narration of events occurred, a series of lies very incredible, but in 1790 and century following it had been believed very trust, to example, how much men that attacked the Bastille? In conformity with official version some thousand, truly they are 14 and three Germans, two French, three Belgian, and five Holland, all beggars that wonted alone steal armies so that they can sale to somebody; other lie: power has had in hands of people, certainly the National assembly could decide and in fact the sessions show it, but the king could dissolve the chambers, as today is possible in French, thereupon or in French is monarchy again or the the French republic has had took example from past monarchy, and certainly it is so. Other very trifling step of this read is very important if we consider historical moment; we are during 14^th November 1789, after 4 months the Revolution, and we can read, in these session: “The general wit of Assembly seems very uncertain, “I think that aristocracy made progress, and I think, very much, that some movement can give enthusiasm. The clergy has found in small cities very extreme defenders and among the nobility members. And they have defended them it is right and natural…”, thereafter we can think that French revolution was died just, because every revolution action that destroyed an order that has been used to centuries can change after centuries; in fact actually in France the president has power very important, as the king during the monarchy, but today, in France, is republic. This essay want explore the words that after aided, this is that, aristocrats lived and they defend they economical interest, and also the clergy, and step: “And they have defended them it is right and natural…”, is representation of common difficulties that revolution has had given his idea and with. This useful introduction has had necessary to conclude through a question: why the king has had guillotined in 1795? Answer is very simple: because French revolution has died and to survive, Jacobins have to guillotined the king because very much French were disoriented in this revolutionary new order, and Charlotte Corday, that killed Marat, on 13^th July 1793, is evident sign that extremism of Marat has had refused, Charlotte Corday was aristocratic woman that has influenced from Girondins, this is middle class of revolution, against the Jacobins; during 1795 in common people the idea of revolution evidently has died and uncertainness and economic problems were the principal motive to guillotine the king, because I think that very much French want turn before of revolution. This is confirmed from same died after some dies of hers husband in 1793, the ask is: why? She has not had never nothing power on French, she hasn’t never govern, she was absolutely strange to political responsibility, therefore: why? Because she was a symbol and she could be last hope to monarchy and she could conspire to return of monarchy; it is normal, but if French was all revolutionary this danger was not certainly, but this danger was present because the revolutionary wit has died, therefore the people could be to monarchy. Finally I want transcribe otherwords that are very meaninfull to this historical consideration, during the session in 14th November 1789we can read these words: "The administrative assemblies have subjected to king, because he is supreme chief of nation and ammonistration...". Hurrah the revolution!      

Alessandro Lusana           

     

 

Poetic commerce

During read of Argonautics of Apollonius Rhodium(295b.Ch.-215b.Ch), it is mythological history of Jason that must took the Golden fleece and he is going to pass some test of courage, and he must tame to bulls and other, he overcome it because the goods are favorable to him; but important, beyond the poem is very boring, is cities that he has mentioned in poem, the poet Apollonius Rhodium was from Alexandria of Egypt and he has took surname rhodium after his transfer to Greek island; I think that the cities that he has mentioned in this poem he has known to commercial exercise, certainly it isn’t of Apollonius but we must consider that Rhodes is island and very much semen were and worked in that island; therefore he could have took name and mythological reference from very seamen; some step holds this hypothesis: “With better heroes of Greek all together in this ship he has arrived to your city, after that he has turned beyond cities; furthermore some suggestions about commerce of animals we can take from other step: “he has said that on Mars plane he hold two bulls to grazing”, and “he has ordered to me that I must plow this land acres, and he is going to give to me thots of drag and to it. they are born men with bronze armies and they must kill to same day…”, this step shows that the trade of seeds of agriculture existed and evidently it was very rich; naturally is also a reference to Deucalion and his mythological legend, and other step is very interesting to precise description of geographical source and names Narecos and other is source Belles. To this source they gone in and raided very speedy. Other geographical step: “The water of river Istrus surround a island called Peuce, with triangle form that has long side towards to coast”; and furthermore: “They gone in to river back the Colchis and they arrived to Brigee islands, holy islands to Artemis. On one was a holy temple dedicated to goddess…”. It is a true catalog of geographical ancient Greece, and we can consider that Apollonius has travelled very much to Greece or he has took notices about rivers and town from several seamen, and he has holt it and he has given to his poem.

Alessandro Lusana