Bartolomè de las Casas and early Christian literature

Bartolomè de Las Casas(1484-1566) is an theological men and Dominican monk he has told about massacres of Hispanic in La Isla Espanola, this is actual Cuba, but following read of this book it is very strange that he told, at 1552, about slaughters of Spanish; he says that he has seen these massacres, it is unreliable, why? Because he has not counted residents in La Isla Espanola, therefore he could not count dies, second deduction, he indicated always same island but we must think that other names Spanish had given to other town, no certainly cities, but simple town also wooded, it is sufficient that state of Florida in USA, it has had this name from the captain  that with Amerigo Vespucci,  just in landed, he has seen a very little place of actual state he has said that this town remembered region where he born, this is Florinda, that during time has becomes Florida; therefore we can think that after 59 years Spaniards could change names to very much places; very strange that Bartolomè de las Casas didn’t mentioned these names and descriptions of these places, and I repeated how much were the natives, he says millions, but if it were true they have outclassed the Spaniards, but it has not happened, why? Simple because natives were not millions and Spaniards were not millions. These narration is derived from early Christian literature, where are told persecutions and other; histories of martyrs and others, but Christian after 2th century after Christ they were may 50 thousand on 50 millions of people, therefore they were not millions, but it is very important model to Bartolomè de las Casas, because he could emphasize these events; therefore he told what has heard or read; therefore a step of this book says: “I speak with truth, as far as I know and I have seen all time after mentioned”; this is true? No certainly, because he says “as far as I know and I have seen all time after mentioned”, but if you have seen it you just known it, therefore it is right to say: “I can  tell that I have seen”, but no certainly “as far as I know”, because you can have known it through other sources, also indirect, therefore unreliable, because in conformity of opinion of Mark Block; if first soldier has an order, this is attack, and he have to say it to second and to third and so, the last soldier has understood that battalion must retire, if these dies were been millions somebody has counted these millions of natives, why isn’t number; these are lies alone, and we accustomed to these lies to history above all.  somebody can say that he has privated of millions of money, he must have had the sum inter because he has counted that 100 millions now lack 1 or 2, but he has had sum precedent and after he can give count, but in book of Bartolomè this count isn’t, therefore how much natives were and how much Spaniards had killed? We haven’t number neither of natives or Spaniards and dies; I hope that nobody historical man is going mistake so, and it is impossible, that he doesn’t lies, but it is vague hope.

Alessandro Lusana   

          

 

Traditio et religio

In the poem of Beowulf’s we found a past when Beowulf king of Geats and protagonist of a poem written about 9^th century after Christ; he was been a king that after his dead he was been cremated; it is seems normal for a people that was barbarian, but we must consider that now emerges the tradition, this is use and habit of this population that by now was Christian; then the cremation isn’t let, but the tradition of cremation was very life, and tradition was very strong, use and examples were present in this examples. This manuscript was been copied during 9th century by Christian monks and they may has known that this use was barbarian, but we can hypothesize that use of cremation was so frequent that also to monks it was normal, and they lived on old British and they got use and costumes of these population, then they have written this poems without considering that this use was forbidden. This example is motive to consider that use and costume overwhelmed religion; this is human gender has followed his natural habit, this is that it has looked for centuries. In the Confessions of Saint Augustin we has other overwhelm, because the author compels that very much die has asked that their tom must be very rich; this is use was heathen use but this luxury has come to monument of popes, I remember now Michael Angel and monument of pope July 2th, but sarcophaguses are to every pope that has refused humility and poverty to richness and luxury, in conformity to  heathen costume. Then the tradition has refused religion and has got use very frequents; it is very habitual because during Middle Age and Renaissance popes has publicized their family and power of their persons, then it is political aim, and we must consider that it is policy every and to every age. In fact pyrameds, tomb of imperator Adrian are documents of this wit.

Alessandro Lusana  

  

  

 

Anthropological documents

Never we think about our time and that everyone is a document of his time, anyone has heard discourses about past time through the old parents or other persons, everyone has heard: “Once upon…”, these are a historical documents, no paper certainly , but human documents because we have possibility of know past time, but no history, we can study it on books, but something deeper, this is moral behavior that documents no says, we can understand morality and reaction of past generations for direct explication and we can, and it is frequently, tell about episodes and other because we are going to make same thing, this is we tell as our father and grandfather, and we use same method, then we are old, because we are a anthropological document to future generations, but we have understood the value of technology and we are a human document because in confront of past generations we like and use technology, therefore we are a document of human use frequently technology, in confront of past generations no consider it never, an example, I have known a guy that left his job because it use the computers, and he was old 70 years and computer his generations has not never used, therefore it is unknown and I want use it. We are witness of our time our moral behavior and we can tell it to future generations, and more than knowledge we can know also other countries and to this technology is perfect because we can look and tell and ask about much questions or other, we are the first generation of high technology, and we are going to tell our experience also through computer, because we can use and we use it everyday, therefore we have passed generations of our father, therefore we are social and anthropological document.

Alessandro Lusana 

           

 I am as I am not: Heraclitus well-wisher of actualism

Ego eimi os I né eimi, this is: I am as I not am; “Heraclitus the psychologist”. Two mentions of two different authors, first is Heraclitus(535 b.Ch.-475 b.Ch.) and second James Hillman(1926-2011), an American psychology, he has wrote foreword to Fragments. The collected wisdom of Heraclitus, and I have got this mention from this preface these words, the judgement of Hillman is perfect if we tie this mention to “actualism”, that has been founded by Giovanni Gentile(1875-1944), and this way has described the moment, this moment, because Gentile has synthetized in follow words: “what I am now I not was just a moment ago”  this philosophical way is perfectly to words of Heraclitus, because Heraclitus and Gentile considered time past and now, because everything is gone, everybody is gone, every moment or century has gone, and we are alone a limited moment in time, because we are going to be past, future generations, may, read this assay or they are going to laugh on this assay and they think that this knowledge today compared to theirs is laughing, as we laugh about conception of woman during middle age, today we consider that time very barbarian, but they are consider us very barbarian to our costumes; but it is “actualism”, I am now so among two minutes I am going to be other, why? Simple because some thought or feels or ideas has born in my mind, therefore I am going to be different. I want also homage Heraclitus because he has said a very great truth, every dull is different to time, but he was wrong because his think is valid again, therefore his philosophy is valid today, we must consider that he considered matter and dull, practical thing and no certainly philosophic concepts, but alone material, therefore his think is simply credible.

Alessandro Lusana

                             
                      

 

Deep history

This assay want describe a document is non certainly of paper but a stone, it is certainly haven’t interest, may to geological science, but now it has a historical and moral value, because describes a reaction of conqueror, therefore it is a document of great importance because shows what a paper document can’t show, it is moral and psychological reaction. Text of epigraphical says: “A.D.MCCCLII FEDE IMP.XXVIPHOSPITAT. EST HIC ET DIVA LIONDRA XXVII EISDEM MENTIA”, it is Latin language and epigraphical matter but we can read it through translation: “This years of Lord 1452 Frederick 3th imperator was been guest here at 25^th march and also Lady Eleanor at 27^th at same mount”(I must very deeply thank mister Antonio Vicedomini, Marshal of policy of Sermoneta, to matter and photo given to me), I think that I am giving other matter, certainly a neglectable bit, to ideas of Daniel Lord Smail, author of book On deep history and the brain, this book considers how much influence of brain to history, but we must consider that human gender has his wit and psychology and his brain, therefore it is can be involved by hate and anger as love and passion, human feels. To this case history, but very deep history, it isn’t actions, dates, persons and other, but internal suggest and feels of persons, therefore more deep than historical happened, because now we are looking in brain of somebody, then psychologists weren’t there. This stone is very important document because it shows deep intentions of Alexander 6^th pope, Borgia’s family,  when at 1499 this family through Caesar Borgia, nephew and no certainly son of pope, conquered Sermoneta, and moved away Caetani family. This epigraphical stone documents the psychology of Caesar Borgia, because if he has had anger and hate to Caetani family he would destroyed this epigraphical document, because it shows a homage to Caetani, the presence of an emperor to Sermoneta and guest of family’s that he has dispelled form Sermoneta, therefore to “condamnatio memoriae”, this is condemnation of memory, Caesar Borgia would have destroyed this stone, but this stone, today is in district police of Sermoneta and it has been reused to other build because it survive, and Caesar Borgia in Caetani castle constructions works has made and very important, but this stone has rested whole, Why? Because Caesar Borgia has had other motives to conquer Sermoneta and no certainly hate to Caetani, but it is psychological history of Borgia that we can get by a stone, therefore we can understand wit of human gender by a stone or other matters that has keep a sign. Therefore very deeply history.

Alessandro Lusana   

 

 

…cum populus regem

iussisset, id sic ratum esset, si patres auctores fierent

We must consider that narration of Titus Livy(59 b.Ch.-79a.Ch.) is very celebratory of history of Rome(Ab urbe condita, this is From foundation of Roma), ancient history we know very little, and we must consider Titus Livy as a very important because he could read other historical men and could hard very histories about Rome, authors today unknown to us, but we can think that democracy has born in Greek, through Cleisthenes, but power of this democracy, certainly important but it has had some limit, because the people of Athens didn’t elect his king, but Rome, according to opinion of Livy, has elected his king. The step that I have used as title is from Livy, it considered prudently, we can think that it was true, and the roman people elected his king; a proof is in time of Livy, during emperor of August, from 23 b.Ch. emperor, and he was true republican man, therefore we can think that this use of history is very partial, because also during emperor of August the Senate has had elected as in republican era, but non certainly emperor, that then didn’t existed. I have mentioned this skepticism because when election of Numa Pompilius, second king of Rome, whose name is from Numa that is from Nomos(Νoμoς) and Pompilius(Ρoμπέ) it is suit of priest, in fact according to opinion of historical studies he has found in Rome worship of gods; and Livy has added: “…people of Rome elect your king…” but Livy didn’t tell that he is elected from people, I think that it is a forgetfulness, certainly he has been elected from people, but it is strange that Livy remember it to Romulus and didn’t it to Numa, because he has had importance very extraordinary, because he has founded the worth in Rome. I think that this narration has begun from ancient Rome, also to time of Livy because this time has seen other writer, a poet, Publio Virgilio Marone, called always Virgilio, that has written the Aeneide, a poem tells arrive from Troy, after conquest of Greek, of hero Aeneas whose son Julius has founded lineage of family Julia, that has had among members Caius Julius Caesar, and then August imperator was a member of Ceasar’s family, therefore Livy followed the spirit of time and he has narrated the archaic Rome until Caesar; it is a document of that documents can’t tell, it is spirit of time, in fact we can understood it alone to poem and history, this is wit of time, costum and moral of that time, that is son great and son evident but nobody sees it, Robert Musil(1880-1942) an Austrian writer has said: “The monument is so great and nobody sees it”, I think that we can get from literacies source also it, this is wit.

Alessandro Lusana        

  

 

Useful witchcraft

This essay want point out when and because persecution of witchcraft there is during determined moments in ecclesiastic history, during 13^th century, therefore in Middle age, very remarkable economic development in Europe there was, it was cause of determined  heretical movements, as Cathar, that has had a radical dualism, and wanted restoration of poverty, or modest condition, and overestimation of wit, and other Waldensians and other, fought papacy power and richness as sign of evil. Very soon heretical person and movement become witchcraft, because this identification was very easy to people and certainly dreadful because it let identification supernatural power and deadly evils, therefore the wagon of Apollos become a broomstick for a witchcraft woman, why a broom? Because the broom is used until ancient Egypt and saint Martha has a object is broom(Fig.1), but this object has used from witchcraft; therefore the Christian worship a witchcraft, or it is more possible that the women were in home and they cured it, and certainly they used the broom more than men, but they were more weak being and less strong and withstand to pitfalls of evil, therefore more than men involving to sin. So also possibility of flyof witchcraft women, it is possible because to explain to people that Apollos and other pagan gods was sin would be very difficult, people was illiterate, first they had to explain what is sin and after religion, and after it is forbidden from Church; this is some centuries, and priest and predicators didn’t have so time. The witchcraft was evil to common people and Church salvation, but it is identification has had very economical motives, at 13th century in south Italy, medical students have had spent very much money so that some son become doctor, and competition were manteacae, this is healer through grasses and therefore they were expensive very little, on contrary a doctor cost very much, therefore they were witchcraft, then competion was so. During 14^th century same economical condition, but now other human and political phenomenal was birth, the “comunitas”, this is common cities that become autonomous, therefore it was sign of emancipation by power. During 15^th century this phenomenal enlarged more and the comunitas become lordship, through phase of secularism both cultural and moral, it is very dreadful to Church because humankind become laic, in fact treaties about witchcraft between 14^th and 15 centuries was very much, and fated purposive to priest, men were laic. During 16^th century after birth of Protestantism persecution to witchcraft increase, because heretical, then were no somebody but nations, therefore millions of men, and at this moment the Church known to identify very easy heretical men therefore this assimilation between witchcraft and heretical was useless, it is sufficient a case; when Ludwig Barone von Pastor attended Vatican archives to write History of popes from end of Middle age published form 1886 and 1933, in Vatican suspect was very strong  because he was German, therefore protestant, on contrary he was very Catholic, this is a sign alone of inheritance left by Middle age, but assimilation between nationality and religion was been very present until 1900, therefore during middle age and modern history(15^th-19^th centuries) it was very relevant. Relevant to regal power and common people as artisans and farmen, to the first witchcraft were rebel to God and regal power, and to second they were cause of economical crisis, therefore they were been as Socrates in Athens, enemies very easy identified to justify every evil, everyman has had his motive to hate witchcraft, distraction of attention, a very old as frequent political tactics.    

Alessandro Lusana