The last Romantic: Nietzsche

Friedrich Nietzsche(1844-1900) that where I have called the last romantic, because if we think about the superman, that he has descripted, through the words of Zarathustra in the book Thus spoke Zarathustra; where he has theorized the superman, that isn’t absolutely real but alone a romantic fantasy, for this the “romantic” of title; because Nietzsche has took the wit of romanticism, this is the idealism, and he has translated it to an imaginary figure of man that has overcame the minute and poor human impediments, this is the moral, the myths as the science and the religion; we must also consider that Nietzsche has also written during the second half of 19^th century, this is the Belle Époque, when the morality and the aesthetic were vital for a middle class that was also the entrepreneur class, that has took his industrial origin from the first industrial revolution in England(1760-1850), that after is extended in everywhere in Europe, enclosed the Germany, then he has undergone the wit of his century and the indirectly the Belle Époque, and he moralism very hypocrites and conformist; he wanted alone go out from this insincerity; inasmuch the superman is a reaction to this habit, but it is also a the last result of a romantic wit that is rebel to these formal virtues, and it is also the last but one Hegelian production, because the last is Giovanni Gentile(1875-1944); Nietzsche has idealized the man and has thought a man that overcomes every conformist impediment; it is the idealization of Romanticism, the absolute spirit of Hegel, that certainly has influenced Nietzsche radically, but he has idealized the figure that Hegel has never thought of man; hence the mixed of Romantic and hegelian wit has created the superman, that hasn’t the limits, the moral limits or conformist limits, because through the adjective “moral”, we not must think that Nietzsche has authorized the illegal and criminal acts, not absolutely, he has fought the moralism and the conformism of his time; but I want alone consider that the roots of this think are to the Romantic contrast and in the Hegelian philosophy, the absolute spirit of Hegel is the translation, under other name, of superman, and we must consider that may Nietzsche has very well understood Hegel because, differently from Schopenhauer, he has attributed this power to a ideal man, ideal certainly, hence imaginary, but alone a man, as Hegel has made for his absolute spirit, that he has seen in the man; and Nietzsche has made the same thing, Zarathustra is a man, as has been the authentic Zarathustra, that has been a prophet of Mazdaism during the 9^th and 8^th century before Christ in Iran; therefore Nietzsche has took a man that as a prophet has announced the superman to other men, but everything is absolutely human; inasmuch Nietzsche has translated the human power, that is prophetic, to the man contemporary to him; whereby he has took the human nature and he has idealized the man following the Romantic and absolute spirit.

Alessandro Lusana