Marcus Aurelius the power of philosophical think

Marcus Aurelius imperator of 2th century after Christ was an example of importance to policy, policy both during Roman Empire and after also; because he adopted his philosophical think and he mentions in his principal book, Memories, all his experience about philosophical think and what he has learned; in fact he employed much philosopher at his time and he written about his culture, but moral culture, and we must consider that word moral, is from Latin mores, this is behaviour and costume, therefore he writes about Rusticus(100-170 a.Ch.) stoic philosopher and master of Marcus Aurelius, Apollonius of Tiana and other. He mentioned them and he remembers that from Rusticus: “Make to me concept that my morals need of correction  and culture, and I no must amuse to imitate Sophist philosophers and don’t write exhortative orations, so that I can excite stupor and success”, and after: “To leave rhetoric, poesy and elegant words as elegant cloth”, and: “During read don’t be satisfied with superficial read but consider with attention all matter”, and by Apollonius to go on with frankness and resolute constancy and don’t vacillate”; during his emperor role Marcus Aurelius worked to modify some moral conception, by now become normal; he thought that slavery was execrable and he given right to slaves and poor, he was a perfect policy man and he was very several to himself but very good with other, and his memories are testify of this think, that he thought and above all he applied to Roman Empire; therefore Marcus Aurelius was perfect coherent to his think, therefore he was almost Socratic, he applied his think to his life.

Alessandro Lusana              

 

Pragmatic Hegelianism

A man was reading a philosophical dictionary, and a woman approached to him and she asked: “What do you are reading?” and man answered “Dialectical life and how is possible translation of this concept in practical life, because to me it is very difficult”, and woman that while was set answered: “To be and nor to be to Hegel are in same spirit, because this encloses all, both positive and negative, therefore present and not present, all and contrary of all”, and man: “Yes, therefore?”, and woman: “In a man is all, because he has positive and negative, and he has ambitions and desire!” and man: “Yes, therefore?”, and woman: “If you want be very strong, while you are very weak, you have a negative condition, because you are very weak but you have desire to be very strong, therefore you have in yourself positive and negative, second is weak but first image of strong and desire to reach it, in yourself you have in same time positive and negative, contrast and effort to reach the strong is dialectical competition, contrast and will to become strong; but you have twice condition; we can think that natural matter, to exemple a piece of marble is alone symbolic art because it is absolutely natural matter, but we think that the work of sculptor is a dialectical effort that transforms matter to sculpture and art, this dialectical effort is during action and struggle between man and matter, matter has always natural matter but very bettered, because is art, therefore thesis, antithesis and synthesis are dialectical become of idea, natural idea but always idea. The effort is dialectical contrast between matter and ideal concept, therefore between that is now present, your ambition and your state, you are matter, natural matter, the ambition is the ideal that you want be”, woman got up and man asked: “What’s your name?”, and woman: “Sophia and last name Philo, goodbye”, and she gone away.

Alessandro Lusana  

     

An American proustian

Reading the The Great Gatsby of Francis Scott Fitzgerald published at 1925 in New York City is a romance of rich American life about twenties years, at last rich middle class, that is told with much particulars that have, in conformity with Hegelian philosophy, universal concept of everything; in fact description of these particulars is, certainly, an experience of read of Marcel Proust, and of his major literary work this is Recherché du temp perdu, published between 1913 and 1927, but at last six books of this work were published at 1925: Du côté de chez Swann, 1913,   À l'ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs, 1919, Le côté de Guermantes, 1920,  Sodome et Gomorrhe, 1921-1922,  La prisonnière, 1923, La fugitive or Albertine disparue, 1925; these are six of all Recherché, that are almost contemporary and previous one than French period of Scott Fitzgerald, in fact he lived in French at 1920, same year of Le côté de Guermantes, and 1921, same years of Sodome et Gomorrhe, when he known Gertrude Stein, an intellectual woman, at 1924 he known Sara and Gerald Murphy an American couple that lived in Côte d’Azur, this is French, and he could red Proust and his books with very much particulars that Proust described long his style of narration; in fact in The Great Gatsby much particulars are present but seem useless because haven’t a continuity, but have their nature and their profile that is essential for romance, and Hegelian nature is in particular because everything is in particular, and life of middle class of twenties both American and European is in particulars, this is in descripted objects of romance, that document standard of living and cultural standard, typical of that period and therefore typical of history, and therefore typical of human gender, therefore universal.

Alessandro Lusana       

 

 

The origin of Feuerbach

The think of Feuerbach above all about religion and his human atheism, he replaces theologian with anthropology, because he thinks that man has created God; this think is mere atheism but his origin is directly from Hegel and from German Protestantism; Hegel was protestant therefore believer, but Feuerbach employed some thesis of Hegel and he translated in his think: when Feuerbach spokes about difference between man and animal, he describes man as a being that has he and other, this is his essence and other man that is similar therefore he can speaks to himself because he is he and other person, that has same essence. The religion is identified by Feuerbach with consciousness and self-knowledge, this is consciousness of his essence; in conformity to opinion of Hegel self-knowledge is possibility to man of knowledge other man. As for object, natural object, in conformity of opinion of Hegel we have one first step with direct and sensitive knowledge, an external knowledge and follows other level of knowledge this is properties that the mind mediates between one object and much properties, this process is self-knowledge; in Essence of Christianism Feuerbach spikes same things: “As for object the man become conscious of himself, conscience of object becomes self-knowledge of man; in himself shows his essence.  Therefore we can think and consider that Feuerbach has red and red again Phenomenology of spirit of Hegel; but he has also took from German Protestantism, that has become human or better much human religion; in fact he spikes about Protestantism as religion that has become man as God, and human gender as laic. And we must aggiunge other author that was an exponent of hegelian left, in fact Heinric Heine(1797-1856), was involuntary founder of hegelian left, but this German poet written: " We dont will neither sans-culottes neither bourgheois, neither modest president; we found a democracy of human gods, equal to beatitude and santity", thereupon the think of Feuerbach that has created the god man, threupon over Hegel also Heine has a referent of Feurbach.  

 

Alessandro Lusana  

                                                               

 

Christian compare

I hope that nobody will feel offended for my opinion but I consider that George Fox(1624-1691) fonder of Quaker movement to some step of his Diary is very exaggerated, and he certainly was enclosed by his spirit and his ideal religion, but some inconsistency is very evident: at 11^th age he become conscious od purity and right behaviour, and he says that he answered yes or no always; but this step is directly from Matthew 5.37; therefore he took steps of Gospel  and he tells his life in conformity with Gospel. At this age is impossible that a man can aware that God has inspired oneself; more over very good emotional memory, I think neither Proust could so; at 1646, when he tells that his family wanted that he gets married and he refused this will, and he was very sorry; it is very impossible that a man can remember this sorry. But maximum is a step that he very sacrilegious, he says: “When God sent me on the word”; everyone knows that God sent his son Jesus and not certainly George Fox. More over an episode, told at 1649,attests that this Diary is alone a translation od Gospel; Fox tells that he was boated in a church and after he was brought to judge by faithful, after the same took a whip, this is flagellation of Christ that Fox could see on some painting of engraving, after it is worse because he has brought in front of judge that discharged him; it is Pilatus that discharged Christ and he wished his hands. More over when Fox tells that he a woman was recovered after he prayed God, it is alone compare with recovered of Christ of blind Bartimaeus, and recover of deaf and dumb in Decapolis city; therefore this Diary is portrayed on Gospel this is Ancient an New Testament.

Alessandro Lusana   

    

A true feminist

When somebody speaks around French revolution one matter that is important, although alone theoretical, is Declaration of rights of man and citizen, we must consider this document alone theoretical because very much abuse have made also during French revolution to political opposing and other questions that were very document of a secular order that then must be changed by middle class, and this happened because aristocracy was by now ended; in fact with revolution all was changed but we must consider that this change followed a course, a rational and logical course, this is historical course, and I mention a Italian writer, Giovan Battista Vico that said: “Order of ideas musts follow in conformity of order of thing”, in fact with Napoleon order in French was hardened; order was that one alone leads a country as monarchy has made for centuries, but now leader is a member of middle class, this is Napoleon. Regarding social order one member of French revolution, a woman was very original and combative, Olympe de Gouges, pseudonym of Marie Gouze(1748-1793), was a French writer and much active in political contest, so active that she written a Declaration of right of woman and citizen, she written this declaration at 1791, very revolutionary woman, and she was a true feminist, because she asked alone a principal today common, equal right between man and woman, it’s normal today, but at 1791 it was a revolution in revolution, because women were inferior and alone men could take part to policy, but with this declaration Olympe de Gouge declares that woman and man is physical different alone, she written on first article: “Woman free born and she has same rights of man.” Second article: “Aim of political association is alone keep the natural rights of woman and man. This is are freedom, property, security and opposition to oppression”. Third article: “The principle of sovereignty is in Nation, and this is union of woman and man… Article fourth: The liberty and justice are to give other that is their, so is natural right of woman that has alone border of tyranny of man. This border must be reformed by rational and natural rights.” Maximum expression of feminism of Olympe is sixth article where she written: “The law must be expression of general will. All citizen men and women must contribute personally or by their representative to former this institution. The law must be equal to all, men and women, with equal dignity, with public employee, with their ability, and above all without discrimination but alone to ability”. Intelligence of this concept, true feminism because asks alone respect and consideration is very notice by Olympe on seventh article: “Nobody woman is exception; she will be accused, arrested and imprisoned in conformity of law. Women obey as men to law.”  On tenth article, the rights of women are notice also in front of death: “The woman has right go up scaffold as tribune provided his think doesn’t disturb public order”. I end with this article because it seems prophecy, in fact Olympe de Gouges has guillotined at 1793 because she discorded with capital sentence to Louis XVI. She was very intelligent woman and feminist because she asked rights and brought forward very much demands that today are normal; she didn’t ask abstract demand but alone natural right, that at her time, 1791, was unnatural.

Alessandro Lusana

      

Middle class veil

The Lifted veil of George Eliot, this is Mary Ann Evans(1819-1880)(Fig.1), Britain woman writer, that used this pseudonym because then was almost mandatory for success of a writer woman that they use a male name, also because female literature was banished to second town; anyway she wrote at 1859 this tail, a history very middleclass, usually marry for opportune and very much indifference if isn’t hate; I think that Mary, I use this name because is her name, told her life with George Henry Lewes(Fig.2), a philosopher that was married and Mary lived with him for twenty years; this life, very aseptic, I think that was tell of rapport between same Mary and her companion; during Victoria queen, in Union Kingdom, moral life was more important than same life, therefore a scandal for living together with a married man was very execrable; then human rapports both in married life and in lovers rapports was very cold; Mary I think that we can identify with Bertha, aseptic protagonist of this tail, she tells with much attention and much particulars emotion and fell of this woman and this is very suspect, and we can think that feel of Bertha is that of Mary, and following this think we can imagine it because feel of Latimer, husband of Bertha are intense; I think that unique horror that we can find during read of this romance is rapport between husband and wife; but this is a painting of Victoria life in Union Kingdom, that we can find everywhere, then as now, but this rapport is very true, on contrary too true to be invented alone, we can think that this tail is lived, therefore Mary tells her life with George.

Alessandro Lusana 

Fig.1

 Fig.2