Thursday, August 6, 2026

 Pragmatic State: Keynes

We are usual think about the economist as the being that live in a theory that has something of very near to real life, and alone the theory is valid because other is very distant and distinct from the reality, instead we have an exception for John Maynard Keynes(1883-1946) that was an economist, but a valid very much exception, why? Because he is in middle economy, this is he took from the ideological parties; during the thirty years in Europe, above all, Keynes was England, hence European after the Bolshevik, in 1917, the Europe was divided between the right and left, also today but the wit is very moderate or disinterest, fortunately! I am speak as Italian and in Italy attempts, flights, political homicide was very frequent. But anyway Keynes wasn’t neither right nor left, he is very genial, for his economic opinion, because he took from the two parties but he critic twice and he finds the merit in twice; it is the sign of pragmatism; Keynes was lived in Liberal country as the England, and the pragmatism in Liberal economic is fundamental, because everyman is potential costumer, and the economy has the first principle it. Hence Keynes has took from his country, Liberal, and through the pragmatic wit he has took from the totalitarian State as the Russian, Italy and Germany, from it the idea or better the strategy of State, that must works when the economic condition has made worse; he is very pragmatic and he stay in middle parties, because he took the theory of Liberalism, because it is the theory that certainly can guarantees richness but it makes also the weak States, it is sufficient a economic crisis to the extreme Orient and the country more liberal in the word, as the USA fails; to this point is important the date of death of Keynes, 1946, when the second world war was ended instead the Great Depression in year 1929, in USA, the effects were present; hence the major book of Keynes The general theory of employment, interest and money, published in 1936, inasmuch after the Great Depression, therefore Keynes could ascertain that the presence of a State, although not totalitarian, but it was important, and it was the last resource for the economy of a country, because the State can manage very much money, necessary to economy and for the social necessities. Keynes thence accepts the Liberal economy but he, through the pragmatic wit, looked also the State that isn’t a concept very distant from the Liberal ideology, but he is first a pragmatic economist that takes every principle necessary to the theory, and the difference is here, this is he is pragmatic, not certainly abstract, he took from two political principles, the totalitarian States and from the Liberal State; these principles are contrasting between them but if in the economy are necessary we must consider also the contrast, but above all, to consider that the sake is the economy, and the economy hasn’t ideology, every country can trade to every country apart from this its ideology, The Europe and USA trade to the China that is communist and totalitarian country; thereby when the economy needs the country uses its pragmatism  because the more important question is the trade, gain and wealth. Keynes accordingly uses every ideology for his theory; it is the pragmatism, but as the political he used two theory that can give something to his theory; whereby it is the pragmatic state, or better, the pragmatic State.

Alessandro Lusana      



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