Lawyer of Socrates

Who has read the apologize of Socrates, this is the book of Plato (b.Ch.428-348) that describes the accusations to Socrates (b.Ch.470-399), among the pupils of Athenian philosopher was also Xenophon(b.Ch.430-355), that written the Memorable, this a defense of Socrates beginning from the process that he has suffered and that judged him as atheist and condemned to capital pain: the defense of Xenophon is took also from apologize that he certainly seen, and that transcribed also Plato, because same words have used both from Xenophon and Plato, he writes the accuse: “Socrates is guilty of doesn’t to believe to gods that the city(Athens) honors, and of want set here other divinities, and he is guilty of corrupt the young(the corruption is alone moral). Xenophon tells: “The first regard to accusation of atheism what proof the accusers given? It is known that he sacrificed both in his dwell and in the common public altars of city and he used often the prophetic art. But he didn’t set nothing of new in confront of other that believe to divination, this is oracles, presages or sacrifices. They in fact think that through these birds or persons that they meet the gods give the signals and also the he though it.” An apologize duty emerge in the following tale because evidently Xenophon  to hold his defense followed the common custom: “Furthermore he advised the friends that make that was necessary and make it way that they tough the best, by the way that he was uncertain he advised to ask to oracle”. Other defense duty is the following, where is followed the same custom: “he said that who belies that every of these matters depends from gods and it depend alone from human intelligence is a crazy…”; certainly somebody has said it but we can think that it is alone an extreme apologize of Socrates, therefore all is perfect, it is as a lawyer that must defend from accusations a costumer, he will say alone the goods actions; it is the wit of this book. The defense of a follower of Socrates is more clear in following step: “In fact he didn’t speaks about the nature of everything, as much other, and searching how is built the universe…”; this is lack of inquiry of Socrates is duty from a rational choose that he evidently made, this is the words that he used repeat to every acknowledge, this is: “I know that I don’t know(εν οιδα οτι ουδειν οιδα)”; therefore if he have searched he could be the acknowledge; thereupon the lack of search is alone an way to deny the opinion through the logic, that he has used also in his process. Xenophon certainly didn’t known the history of philosophy , hence he could not define the period of Socrates, that we can call as the anthropologic period of philosophy, and he involuntary confirms it: “He(Socrates) in stead inquired the things regard the man, searching what was honest, what profane, what beauty, what right and what wreck…”; it isn’t the duty apologize but true, and Socrates is the father of this searching about the man. The condemn is alone one politic choose, because he was the anomalous and different, thence he could be condemn, also because the people of Athens wanted, to psychological motives, a victim, and Socrates, absolutely powerless they can condemn him, because nothing effect would give to the city. Xenophon in fact said the truth but he didn’t consider that then was necessary a victim, every it was.

Alessandro Lusana