Same motive to two classes

An anonymous writer of ancient Greek has written a brochure against democracy and his model, this is areopagus, this is ancient Greek parliament or congress; and motive of Athenian democracy is evident for a step: “For this we have given parity between slaves and freemen, and citizens and strangers resident in the city, because the city needs of strangers to works that they know make and to fleet, for this we have given the parity to strangers” and to consent of people: “Sacrifices, victims, parties, sacred enclosures. The people knows well that  it isn’t to everybody of poor make sacrifice and sacred banquets and get victims, inhabit in a city wonderful and rich; thereupon has reached way necessary to obtain it. The sacrifice to public spending more victims, and the people eats and share animals died. Beds, dressing room, some rich man own it. But the people build to herself, to his use, gyms, dressing room, beds and to this enjoys very much people on contrary of rich”. We can consider that it is philosophy of free market, because gain is very much, and differently from rich, that is alone, people is very much persons; this is simply obvious; but we can consider that the think about free market is born to think of Adam Smith, but he has took alone that is has seen, this is liberalism(in Europe this is name, and no confuse to American liberal, that are contrary, because the liberal in acceptation European are republican party), this is building of beds, pools and dressing room, so that everybody enjoys of these pleasure; this is democracy thank God, no! It is will of gain thank money, that is right, but this step suggests that democracy is a mask to hide true will and desire, this is the gain; we can concord or no, but it is the truth, because a bed, a dressing room, a pool, isn’t free, never, but free market exists to these need, that every man and woman has; and if isn’t monetary gain it is alone politic, because the candidate can given to electors now that people want and after election forgotten every promise; therefore the gain is democracy and democracy is gain because takes from very much persons. Other truth is evident:“(the people) understands that the cure and instruction of choir of theatre, to cure of gyms, and preparation of ships, are rich men that must command  and decide, and people is conducted,  for this is right takes money to sings, run, and dance and make the sailor, to gain”. We are to usual motive, gain, that it is from people of aristocratic is same matter, this is money. The justice is same dynamic, a step confesses that: “…the salary of judge insured on year to deposit of accusation and defense, necessary to regular the life of cities allies…”, therefore other gain to judge and Athens gain, and we can consider that judge is certainly high social class; thereupon is people or aristocracy gain is motive; it is motive of democracy, gain.

Alessandro Lusana  

 Pagan franciscan• .

 

I understand that contradiction is evident, because the Franciscan order is catholic and no certainly pagan, but we can find some Franciscan in ancient Greece, who is? Pithagoras, objections to this thesis are as many evident, in ancient Greece aren’t Franciscan order is born in 1209, but after Christ, thereupon it isn’t possible, but some steps of Life of Pythagoras of Iambic he said About the philosopher and he said: “To these motives(searching of knowledge) he ordered abstinence to wine, and moderation to food and sleep refuse of glory, of richness and similar, sincere respect to old men, true sentiment to equality and goodful to contemporary, and to young solicitude without envy, and friendship to everyone, friendship to gods to mankind, through religious pity and worship of knowledge…” and: “I exhort my monks in God that when they go to world, they don’t quarrel, and they must avoid disputes of word, neither judge other, and they must be mild, peaceful and modest and humble…”, this is a Catholic Franciscan that has written this advisements. The Franciscan order aforementioned said regard to possess and richness: “…living(the Franciscan monk) living under obedience , without something and chastity…” and: “the Franciscan monk promises obedience  to pope and successors, and others monks must obey to Franciscan monk and his successor.”, certainly fascinating but where is connection? Two are motives by connection, securely without influence, because I doubt it that Saint Franciscan known Pythagoras, neither name, but bound is in poverty rule; Iamblic said: “To these motives(searching of knowledge) he ordered abstinence to wine, and moderation to food and sleep refuse of glory, of richness and similar” and: ““ I order that they can’t receive money or richness…”,, to prove of new Franciscan in the role of order is written: “ Ministers of order send them to trustworthy, and give to them cloth of order this is cassocks without caps and belt…every monk wear poor cloth”, also the Pythagorean has had the uniform, white cloth…Ended the year of prove, they are welcome received to obey promising to observe this rule during his life”, we know that also the Pythagorean philosopher have to spend a period during they have to use the rule of this school, in fact Iambic tells regard new pupils that: "...he didn't accept soon new pupils that want ed attend his school, but after that he has examined them and judged; and regard to friendship, the Franciscan order said: “I exhort that monks to not despise the men that they see rich cloth and colored and to use delicate food and drink…”, the despise of richness we can read also in Franciscan rule, moreover regard the monastic life a bound is: "To Pythagorean he ordered the commonality of goods and continue life in common...", also here is bound because monastic life is same. ; thereupon the rule s are independent and autonomous, but coincidences are present  in twice texts, because we can called these rules or Franciscan or Pythagorean, or better we can fuse twice and called pagan Franciscan. Moreover regard the monastic life a bound is: "To Pythagorean he ordered the commonality of goods and continue life in common...", also here is bound because monastic life is same. The love of Saint Francis to animals, because he considered them our brothers, other bound is, in fact Pythagoras, in conformity of tell of Iamblic: “The animals alone we can sacrifice, not entry human soul, and who need food can sacrifice alone the animals to sacrifice, other no absolutely, and herself lived so and adoring alone altar that hasn’t sacrifice, and working to no sacrifice made by other similar to us, and educating the fear with world rather than punitions…General is kinship among living, that through community of life of same elements they are similar to us”, and: “No damage plants cultivated and fruitful , and animal that isn’t danger to humankind…They(the Pythagorean)disapproved the hunting…”, the love to animals of saint Francis I have after mentioned. Regard the expiation, certainly no Catholic but pagan, Iamblic tells: “In fact we are in the word to expiation and we must make it”, same concept of saint Francis, we must expiate with adherence to Gospel. Regard observance of laws: “They(pupils of Pythagoras) give the afternoon to public administration, to external policy, rapports to strangers, in conformity of obedience to laws, same obedience that Franciscan order given to Gospel, that is law to them. Regard the purity of soul: “He admonished moreover abstention from all that can obstacle profetic capacity and purity of soul and chastity…", we can confuse these rules with a Franciscan rules; thereupon of Pythagoras was Franciscan or saint Francis was Pythagorean, or noither one and second, but coincidence are very and very interesting.

 Alessandro Lusana

 

Egyptian Pytagoras

We can consider a biographical moment of life of Pytagoras, this is travel to Egypt, and a step of life of Pytagoras of Iamblic, where Thalete solicited him to come to Egypt: “…Thelete exorted him to travel to Egypt, and meet priest of Memphis and Diospoli…” and “…by these herself has took what is necessary to called wiser person…” I think that this step of Iamblic is very important to know origin of very famous theorem of Pytagoras, because we must consider that this learning of geometry is alone Egyptian , and thereupon we have two sources of this theorem, these are Thalete and Egyptian, but twice are Egyptian origin, because Thalete said that: “…by these herself has took what is necessary to called wiser person…”, thereupon also Thelete has had in Egyptian, and he has took all necessary from Egyptian science, as indeed Hippocrates was going to take medical science, and he to this travel gone to Sidon, and there with others wise he took other information about other matters, and other Egyptian step : “he known that religious rites of that town  were important and derived from Egyptian…”, and other step very important: “ There(Egypt) he moved he visited all temples with greater interest and attention and he took admiration sympathy to priest and prophets, and asking the teaching about every thing…”; this is step is very important because to build pyramid and temples were necessary deep knowledge about geometry and general mathematics, therefore he has certainly asked about these science and he has could take knowledge about geometry from direct sources; thereupon the theorem that we know of Pytagoras is certainly from Egypt, in fact other step of this biography says: "...in the intern of temple he studying astronomy and geometry; thereupon matter of theorenm of Pytagoras; and I consider impossible that during 22 years passed in Egypt nobody has informed him about these geometrical theory and other; we must consider that, in conformity of Egyptian costume, every knowledge was keep in secret, because it was destined alone very little, this is architects, and people not certainly know it, but Phitagoras was aristocratic man and access to these secrets was very easy; therefore both before and after, the Egypt, he has passed 22 years, has educated the ancient Greek, both medical science, Hippocrates and geometry, this is Pytagoras.

Alessandro Lusana

 

 

Biblical and pagan source

The Byzantine history has his sources that sometime are bliblical next, for example is Niceta Coniata(1155-1217), a historical man that has told about Byzantine and some his emperor, and one of war of Manuel, emperor, son of John, emperor, he said, during passage of river of Melan on center of Greece: “...so current of river partial was rejected from the hooves of horses and partial was hindered and it withheld long his natural course, it seems goes back against nature; this tell is laughable, but after laugh we can think that back these lies are two precise literary sources, the first is Herotodus, and his description of Nile river of Egypt, and second is Exodus of Holy Bible; in Byzantium the people told the Greek, ancient Greek, therefore they could read both Herotodus and Holy Bible, thereupon both crossing of Nile and the crossing of Red sea were familiar, and naturally; the fate of Egyptians soldiers in Exodus is same of these barbarian people, in fact they everybody is died. Other contradiction of this narration is that although both Manuel emperor and Niceta were almost contemporary, he doesn’t say that he seen the bones of soldier, but he days: “Until now witness the great quantity of died the piles of bones, but very much time was past and bones is impossible that was visible. Other reference that is very literary is Homeric Asteris, this is isle of Odysseus, and that this geographical position is literary alone, is certainly confirmed  by position, near Ithaca, that has given by Niceta, but today it is very uncertain because in conformity with text of Homer, Ithaca isn’t the isle that today is identified; thereupon this position is literary alone in text of Niceta. Other mention of Holy Bible is from Song of songs: “I am black and beautiful because the sun has seen me”, from Holy Bible. But the Greek is present again because 254 miles from Ithaca is Corfu other Greek island, and other Homeric reference, now it isn’t evident but searched, because Iliad of Homer tells about siege of Troy city, that was sieged for teen years and alone with deceit was took from Greek; and when Manuel after an embassy of Corfu, and he when entered to city he noted that this city was unconquerable, as Troy that was took with deceit alone; we must consider that Manuel could not wait teen years, then he waited and welcomed embassy because his aim was the Sicily in Italy.

Alessandro Lusana

    
    

 

 

Spirit of nations

The citation of Montesquieu on title is very valid and suitable and right to define an wit, no certainly race, because this last is integrated to spirit and it is very factor; but I want underscore the wit of a people, that is different everywhere; I provide the denials, because the reader is going to say, : “My spirit no change never!”, on contrary it change and radically; we can imagine that an embassy invite us to a dinner; the protocol orders that rules of behavior, because it determine national rapports, thereupon you must have exemplar behavior, and stop. Our spirit is changed; certainly very little are invited by embassy, but to grade lower, a dinner among the friends or a party, the protocol want a polite behavior; therefore they invited alone person that we known and no certainly common people and impolite persons; thereupon our spirit is changed, and town is different, an house and an embassy, therefore to every town is a spirit; a party among friends, old classmates is very different to a party in embassy, and elegant dinner, because jokes, comments and memories are present and some episode, very amusing is habitual; but when we go out from home our spirit is different, because we are going  to meet other persons, and it is motive to change the spirit, when we are in our house we change again, because the context is familiar, and we change, after job, is daily. This series of examples is necessary to explain that the race is similar and the nations are spiritual production, made to men and peoples but people is men, therefore spirits, and a nation is a spirit; the race is very marginal factor, because the education is relevant, and it is obvious, but we are educated both out and in house, in home we are educated by parents and out home from society, the conformism is an education, because unofficially orders what is momentary costume; we educate our spirit always. The nations consequentially are a productions of our spirit, and a people that is composed of men and spirits; the spirit of a nation is his people. Mussolini said: “The race is alone spiritual condition and no certainly a real matter”, and Lessing note that the differences among peoples is physics alone.

Alessandro Lusana

 

Ghost writer

Andrew was very busy to go out from a struggle very important a usually crisis of writer; he is searching some history, and he has took episodes of his days; after he searching again in the mind, tried the casuistry of genres, love, love in fall, tragedy, revenge, mystery history, detective and others, but nothing. He raised the eyes and he seen a man in the room with equal cloth and equal face, and all equal; he got up immediately and asked very cloud: “Who are you?”, and repeated: “Who are you? Answer, otherwise I will call the police”, the man was firm in center of room, and after a very short glance to floor, fixed the eyes to Andrew, that meantime was to telephone, and he called the police, and the man said: “It is useless because to arrest me you will keep me company”, Andrew looked the man and asked: “You are crazy, you are going to arrest, and no certainly me!”, and the man hinted a smile and answered: “But I am you and you are me, we are same person, but I am now out from you because you have need of I rest here out”, and Andrew thereupon asked: “Who are you?”, and the man answered: “I am Andrew, this is ghost writer of Andrew, that everybody has, but you are a writer and thereupon in your brain is developed, but every man has this ghost, and you have it because you are a man and a writer, that now has crisis, because you haven’t idea”, Andrew seen intensely the ghost and he admitted it: “Yes! I haven’t idea from ancient Greek “ideon” that means imagine”, and the ghost: “It is very important but I know it because I come from your brain, and I know ancient Greek as you because I am you”. Andrew was desperate because he doesn’t nothing idea, and he turned to ghost and asked: “Do you have some idea? No certainly, it seems hear to me! Because you are writer and I am you and other bullshits, and…”, the ghost thereupon answer, interrupting Andrew: “You can tell about this experience”, and Andrew seen intensely the ghost and asked: “What experience? I haven’t nothing expe…”, the ghost interrupting: “Yes, you have experience, this experience, you are speaking to me, do have never you made it?”, Andrew seen his library, table, window, and, he seated and seen the ghost and: “What can I write?” and the ghost: “you can write that…”. This story will continue when they have end…

Alessandro Lusana     

 

Completion and go back of a revolution

A book very well of Vsevolod Mihajlovič Eichenbaum, this is Volin(1882-1945), has been a anarchy writer and literary critical, more active in tentative on revolution in 1905, he founded the first soviet,  that had been that first announcement of a revolution very hide; this book has title of the unknown revolution, because he has took  a roots of Russian revolution, this is no certainly soldiers and armies, but something very strong and potent, what is? The brains, because conditions of backwardness of Russian during 19^th century was very impressive, servitude was a law, the power was alone in rich owner of lands and in the zar, the people was excluded from participation and other policy dynamics, but noted the will of people the zar has allowed reforms, certainly today laughable, but then considered very important , we must consider that Russian in 19^th century was very backward, and some step of this book can certainly help: “From 1860 the reforms were followed and continuously, more important were: abolition of slavery(in 1861) assize court with elective jury, instead of old tribunals, the creation in 1864, in the cities and campaigns policy institutions local to self administration, and it have had right of self administration to some context of life, example: instruction, hygiene and others. The cities worked to schools with laical tendency, always controlled from State, and religion was present, but a margin of freedom was allowed, because teachers were elected from zemstvo, this is institution of self-government, sanitary conditions of cities, and of streets and others. But although important these reform were very weak, certainly much was changed but others fields were equal: the freedom of talk and print was same, this is nothing, right to meeting and organization, and the workers haven’t right, and owners land were dominant, absolutist State was same. The slavery was abolished but the reform has been very weak, because the strong reform has been weakened from owners lands…Alexander 2th (the zar) wonted absolutely damage interest of his aristocracy, and these reforms were wanted to fair of revolution…”. The revolution was delayed; but the roots of soviet revolution was in these reforms, in these compilation and return to old State; because Lenin(1870-1924) completed these reform, but after he turned to old State because some liberties was abolished, for example liberty of print and meeting and other, and vote, because in 1920 elections given to Bolshevik party alone 5 percentage, and elections was deleted; therefore these historical way is go ahead and go back, some liberty was allowed but very little from zar, and after same condition; but more died 80 millions.

Alessandro Lusana

 

 

Protagonist

Roger was writing a story, fantasy history, and he was searching an original matter, something that was innovative, and he from some days has crisis of writer, because nothing ideas, nothing argument; he has searched among chronicle and personal experience, but nothing; he was drinking a liquor, when he heard a voice, very clear and distinct, that has said: “Don’t drink foolish”, Roger turns about in the room and he didn’t identify provenience of this voice; he thought that it is certainly effects of whisky, and he seat again and took his pen, in front of white paper, he closed eyes. Somebody was knocking on his right shoulder, he turn immediately and he seen a figure of medieval warrior; he got up immediately and faired: “Who are you?”, and shadow: “Your ideas, you have taught that I could an ancient roman soldiers, so”, and it was a ancient roman soldier with shield, gladius and armor, and: “or I can be a teen of Renaissance, or soldiers of your revolution in 1775, why not? Washington the president, or Amerigo Vespucci, or better Giovanni Caboto, that has landed in Virginia in 1497, and he was the first European that has touched this country, or no?”. Roger was stunned, he looked this figure that changed his body and his cloth very soon, and Roger reacted very impulsively: “Who the fuck are you?”, and shadow looked intensity Roger and: “I am from your brain, I am your ideas, I am you, but with other cloth and voice, and I can suggest to you some matter or history, I am your external fantasy, I live because you want it”, Roger therefore said: “I won’t you”, and shadow while is smelling and flower: “Very good perfume of this flower, why do you don’t give deodorant in this room, and second break to smoker, you are rising your life; what do you think of Hippocrates” and he became soon an old man with bard very long and tunic, in conformity ancient cloth. Roger by now habited of this presence seated and said: “What do you want?”, and shadow: “I want that you write an history very original, and you must write it about me”, Roger looked shadow and said: “I can write about Hippocrates and Caboto, Vespucci, Washington and other, what do you think?”, and shadow: “You haven’t understood a the fuck, in conformity to your habit”. Roger very hungry: “How can I write about you, I don’t know you?”. Shadow while looked the wall of room and painting, answered: “Do you ask me it? You are the write, you must find a story and in this tell we are protagonist, good lucky love, goodbye”, Roger turned to lector and said: “You are going to know history when I end it. Goodbye!”

Alessandro Lusana  

  

 

American bristles

In this essay I want consider some painting that I give back to their authors, the first is one painting that is evident, to stylistic character that is to hand of Schuyler Limner, whereof we know very little, except that he has had active during 1715 to 1725; a portrait of Hannah Styllman(Fig.1), that has characterized from same finger very long and same folds, very rigid, same peculiarity that he has used to other portraits as Tryntje Otten Veeder(Fig.2) and Gerrit Veeder(Fig.3), and this attribution is supported by a light on sleeve, that is very iridescent and useless, but now on contrary is very useful because we can identify author to these peculiarity, the whole style is same and we can’t mistake because precariousness of sign is evidently, the face of two women (Figs.1,3)is very similarities: same sign very summary and a portrait that are very mechanical and traced to line, instead the portrait must be traced to color. But we must consider also the very bad painter as Pieter Vanderlyn (1687-1778), a painter that may has painted something that is appreciable, but that now is unknown, because his portraits are very disgust; he has proof that the Netherland painting can be forgotten, and van Dyck and van Eyck aren’t; because this painting are a nothing, but we must take that some portrait we can give back because we can identify the precarious form and the style, if we can so define it; a portrait of Boy with fawn(Fig.4) made same errors and same childish form that he has used to others, as the young Lady with rose(Fig.5) and the Young boy(Fig.6), and the face is very similar to other portrait(Fig.7), the style is identic and ugliness is perfect. Edward Hopper(1882-1967) an American painter, he is other function of reality, because he has shown the reality but on portrait, certainly, but on daily life(Figs.8-17) some moment that he has took and he has translated on paper or canvas; moments of daily life that are in our time; and a stylistic question; I think important, this is the light of Hopper, because we must remember that he sojourned in French in 1906, and he was impressed from impressionist painters, and he certainly  took the light effects(Figs.13-18), he has expressed this participartion to light in a letter: "I've always been interested in light—more than most contemporary painters"; though he didn't express this concept but some thing  of impressionist bristel is present; the painting of People in the sun(Fig.18a) and the sunday morning(Fig.18b) keep some brushstroke very strong and inaccurate, typical of impressionist brushstroke that, he kept in mind, difference between these painting and High noon(Fig.18c) is evident, threupon he took alone effects and vigor of Monet(Figs.19-20) and other, because the brushstroke is very right, because the reality want representation adherent to models, he, as any painters, took that he considered important. Same Hopper written on letter that: "Why I select certain subjects rather than others, I do not exactly know, unless it is that I believe them to be the best mediums for a synthesis of my inner experience."

Alessandro Lusana

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

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Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig.12

Fig.13

Fig.14

Fig.16

Fig.17

Fig.18

Fig.18a

18b

18c

Fig.19

Fig.20

 

 

A letter

Hunter was to his table of writer and he was thinking to his romance mystery, and he gone to episode when protagonist have to write a letter to his lover, he didn’t marry and he, certainly, has had this intention, because he was madly fail in love to a woman, that has a problem, she was married to a rich man, entrepreneur that neglected hers, but on the other hand he was very much rich; therefore she has a lovers, Hunter that was a teacher and he taught literature and history, but certainly he can’t keeps the habit of Laura, this is name of woman; and during very much meets together, in hotels and always secretly, she has said one million of times that she wanted marry him; because she want a different life, and to this opinion he usually answered: “Certainly, you are very boring of money, cars and vacations, and a villa in Florida and one in California, and other, because you want hunger, poverty, and misery; certainly it is very important to you”. Therefore she tough these words and she understood that he was right. Hunter, aware that he could not give these standard of living to Laura, he decided to write a letter to hers and he want confess that their love was ended, because he hasn’t money to hers and hers life, and other while was he has tough, this is that she would be fail in love to other man, may rich or no, but certainly more young than Hunter, and he won’t worry, then this feeling he want break. He took a paper and a pen and he was standing begin to write, when he heard bell that sounds, he wait a second and he tough that was Laura; but it was husband of Laura’s. Husband known Hunter since elementary schools, they were neighbors, sons of worker, but James,  this is name, was become a genius of finance on stead Hunter was busy always in library, always, and twice were graduates but about one to literature and history and other to economy and business.  Hunter opened the door and he seen James very sad, thereupon Hunter asked: “James what’s happen to you?”, he answered: “Hunter I need of aid and now alone you can give me it”, Hunter accompanied him in room and he invited to seat, and he asked what is cause, because about business he didn’t know nothing. James therefore told about his problem, and it was that he failed in love to his secretary, and woman of same age of Laura and certainly not more beauty, but pleasant, and he has begun a feeling since a year, but Laura no didn’t have to know anything. Hunter seen him and given a drink to James, Hunter didn’t drink except cola, the, and water; James asked what he could make; and Hunter slyly asked: “Are you sure that she hasn’t a lover?”, James denied strongly it, and said: “ No certainly! She is very serious woman and she would renounce to richness and other to a lover, a type, excuse me, a teacher to salary and very modest wallet, and I know Laura, she has had feeling but very short, a month, or two months, and after nothing”; while James is telling these flirts, he was happy and worry, because his flirt to Laura was a year, and he has felt very grateful because may it was truly flirt. James seen the clock and he said: “Hunter you are very friend, to you I can always confess everything because you are very my friend, other has asked favors and after they are disappeared, very assholes, instead to you I can say and confess all, thank you; last confession, if you was lovers Laura’s I would be happy”, and got out. James ecstatic because therefore he could tell to James the truth, he took same paper and same pen on the table, and he begun to write this letter: “Dear and precious Laura” but a doubt about form, he though: “No, precious no, it seems that we are married”, he deleted adjective precious, and he kept dear, but he tough: “dear is formal, very formal, may esquire, may it can very right”, but some second after: “No, formal, it seems a letter to President, may Dante Alighieri can aid me; a vocative Guido I would like that you Lapo and me were took to incant and set on board…”, but he remembered that Laura was very beautiful than cultured, but certainly didn’t know Alighieri and poetry, she was beautiful than intelligent; therefore, neither Dante; then Ovid, Ars amandi, it is perfect: “Si quis in hoc artem populo non novit amandi…”, but other think: “She doesn’t Latin language”, and so three hours among a few thousand of thinks, until he heard bell sounds, he opened the door and he seen James that was very happy, and he noted that Hunter was sad and worry he then asked: “Excuse me but I forgotten my glass” and asked: “What’s Hunt?”, he seen strongly James and, on door threshold: “Do you know what is?” and James answered: “No!” and Hunter: “Fuck you and your wife, you are breaking my balls”, and he gone out. James approached to door and closed it, and he though: “May he was angry, problems of writer, anyway I have took my glass and I have all, thank you Hunter, you are a true friend, above all to Laura; because she is pregnant now, and that you are loving hers I have known one year ago, but, I can’t get pregnant, thereupon I hope that Hunter junior, because it is going to be name, have same passion to literature, and you are going to be godfather, so you are going both father and godfather, well done, and I am going to know and I know perfectly lover of Laura”, and he closed the door.

Alessandro Lusana    

          

                

 

Revolution?

I want explain that this assay is no polemical but alone historical, and thereupon missing of emphasis above all; because two steps in a session of Congress of October 1774 said that: “We believe there is yet much Virtue, much justice, and much public Spirit in the English Nation.—To that Justice we now appeal. You have been told that we are seditious, impatient of Government, and desirous of Independency. Be assured that these are not facts, but calumnies. Permit us to be as free as your selves, and we shall eves esteem a Union with you to be our greatest Glory and our greatest happiness, we shall ever be ready to contribute all in our Power to the Welfare of the Empire…”; we shall consider your enemies as our enemies, and your interest as our own. whether in or out of Office; and thereby restore that harmony, friendship, and fraternal affection between all the inhabitants of his Majefty's”; if this is a declaration of a revolutionary, evidently we haven’t understood what is revolution, that we must think, in this context, alone politics, because these words are very friendly, why? Because to British trades are necessary alone ports of Virginia and Boston bay, that are closed to trades to British, and the words: “and your interest as our own…”, is meaningful; because the colonies have had interest so that this rapport was open, although the ports were closed, but these commercial politicy would be been very temporary, because gain was much, and an entrepreneur people have not renounces certainly to gain to a policy question, that was very formal, but why? During 17^th century aren’t and politicy were alone thirteen colonies and they are administered by gubernators and local assembly or Assemby of the province, elected by terrier owners, that could also to limit to gubernator local; these were institutions that has duty of law making, therefore indipendence was just present, the American revolution was alone conclusion of this context, and law power of these assemblies we can find on these follow worlds: "Ever lince the making the prefent Peace, a ftanding Army has been kept in thefe Colonies. From Refpeft for the Mother Country, the Innovation was not only tolerated, but the Provincial Legislatures...", and other step that is very meaningful: "The Assembly of the Province of New-York, having passed anAct of this kind, but differing in fome Articles, from the Direftions..."; thereupon an assemly could be indipendent to his decisions from other legislatyve bodies; thereupon the passage from subjection to independence, to USA has been automatic, because they were just autonomy; the British govern was very weak, because I repeat to British were very important the ports, alone it; the USA was independent, because so is born. We must consider the logic think; geographical distance from British and effectively power thereof; if this power was been so oppressive, the colonies very much before would be rebel, but evidently this power was all except oppressive; thereupon motive to rebel was not; and the declarations of Congress are very friendly and not certainly hostile, because the commercial activity order that must be predominant the friendship and no enmity. And other consideration is a citation of Congress in 3 June 1775 that has said: "Resolved, That a Committee of five be appointed to draught a Petition to the King"; the Congress is resolved that they send a letter to king George 3th, but you haven't a king, because you is a new nation and revolution is to it; but psyological dependence from British crown is very strong again.  

Alessandro Lusana          

 

 

 

Signum temporum

I am considering a moral mean in USA moral and political sign of a behavior that has transgressed the constitution. The Supreme Court of USA has trailed that a citizen has made crime to distribution of leaflets against the send of troops against Bolshevik revolution to Russia by President Wilson, the told of crime says: “JACOB ABRAMS was arrested in New York City on August 23, 1918. He and several friends had written, printed, and distributed copies of a leaflet that severely criticized President Woodrow Wilson and the U.S. government. The leaflet opposed President Wilson’s decision to send a small U.S. military force to Russia during the civil war that followed the communist revolution of 1917. Abrams and his friends were arrested for violating the Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918. These laws made it a crime to write and publish disloyal or profane statements that were intended to interfere with production of goods necessary to the defense ofthe United States during wartime. However, the 1st Amendment says, “Congress shall make no law. . .abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Opinion of the Court Justice John H. Clarke, writing for the Court, decided against Abrams’s claims that his 1st Amendment rights were violated. Clarke based his decision on the “clear and present danger” and “bad tendency” tests stated… According to these two tests, which Holmes used interchangeably in Schenck, free speech and press could be limited if they were intended to cause an illegal action or if they threatened national security. Justice Holmes denied that Abrams’s actions and intentions represented a danger sufficient to justify limitation of his freedom of expression.”. The citizen Abrams was right, because the constitution of USA has said that: “First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.”, thereupon  action of Supreme court is illegal, or it is other? Certainly it is other, and explication of cause is in same trial: “…an illegal action or if they threatened national security”, a leaflet certainly could not subvert a nation, but we must consider times, this is 1919, and then the State was important and relevant to every citizen therefore we can sight a deeper mean, what? The State also in nation less statist on the word transgressed the first amendment of constitution because the security of nation has menaced, by a leaflet, or by opinion that this leaflet was discussing? Certainly by ideas, but this reaction means two consideration very meaningful first is the weakness of govern of USA and second that other ideas no were accepted, neither to propaganda; this is a authoritarianism, but no formal or to laws thereupon no explicit but alone moral, therefore unofficial, coward.

Alessandro Lusana     

    

 

Art of don’t see: Pontormo

Historical men of art study art but may don’t see what they comment; a monography about Bronzino(1503-1572), Italian painter has painted, according to opinion of a critical of art this painting(Fig.1) belongs to Bronzino; unfortunately this painting is of master of Bronzino, this is Pontormo; why? I think that is sufficient see very well this painting: the loaded brush of color is typical of Pontormo(Figs.2-3), after the cloth of figures, the folds are very schematic(Fig.4) that we can confront to the Visit(Fig.2), the light is other characteristic of Pontormo, very intense and brilliant is present in Deposition and other paintings(Figs.3-5-6); furthermore the face of this figure remembers other face in Deposition(Fig.7) aforesaid, and the fingers(Figs.9-10) remember some of this figure in same Deposition(Fig.9), hair is very similar(Figs.7-8). This painting is certainly a act of devotion to Catholic believer but we must consider that emerges the original consideration to posture and total absence of drama, it seems a natural gesture of a figure, but no certainly a martyrdom, a natural posture of a man during a moment; we can recognize this subject alone to attribute of arrow, then it is exemplar of laicism predominant in Florence during 16^th century.

Alessandro Lusana   

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