In papam: against pope and because
In history of Church that isn’t never lacks never are
enemies, above all when the power is very much; it is human, and in history it
is always occurred, both the religious power and no; almost the against pope,
so called from historical critic, have become so, in opinion of Mario Prignano(
Antipapi, Bari 2024):“to theological positions, or because forsook from their
holder, or because they are died before conclusion of a controversy.” To name
of against pope, during last years it is discussed if name is right or no, but
we must consider that during Middle age others names were used, as: “apostle of
against Christ, herald of diamond, horrendous dragon and others. Between 2th
and 3th century the Christian religion spreads, and new predicators are present
and given interpretation of doctrine, they spread mistaken doctrines, heresies,
and to contrast it that the Church instituted the bishop, from ancient Greek έπίσκοπος
supervisor.” But a question is important in my opinion because evidences the
politic chooses of the first Christian communities, it is, why Rome? The one
bishop alone is present in Alexandria, in Egypt, and Rome has gone after; hence
I repeat, why Rome? Simple because Rome is capital of empire, and the prestige
of this capital is superior to other cities, thereupon the spread of Christian
religion is guaranteed by the spread in Rome; t it is alone a politic motive
also because the Christians are about 60.000 on 60 million of citizens in Roman
empire, and it is very scant, thereupon the spread of new religion in dean capital
of empire is fundamental; other proof of this opinion is that saint Peter and
saint Paul have affronted the martyrdom in Rome. But saint Linus(10 a.Ch.-80 a.Ch),
second pope in Church history, didn’t martyred, but he lived in Rome, it is
very strange because he was born in actual Tuscany and he could live there, but
Rome was more important city than other, thereby the predication have to spread
in Rome. But the new Christian are very scant convinced from new religion
because a letter of Erma, Christian author in 2th century, compelled that: “They
are satisfied of a faith very superficial, because they think alone the money
and business…”, and the prestige of Rome signal is the translation of Gospel
from ancient Greek to Latin because evidently language more spread in empire, other politic choose. During the conclave
in 1378, in Rome, after dead pope Gregory 11th, to guardians of conclave,
were not absolutely the baronial Roman family, why? Because these families have
too ties with French cardinals, hence the papacy would be turned to Avignon,
and the Roman people has had previously lost the gain to absence of power Church,
and after 73 years of transfer to Avignon Rome has had impoverished, thereupon
the return of papacy was very good occasion to revitalize the economy, an
ancient Latin proverb says: “Primum vivere deinde filosofare”, this is the
first is necessary live and after we can dedicate to philosophy; in fact Urban
6th transferred the papacy from Avignon to Rome. But disorders and
protest from Roman people were also after these years, why? Simple because the
Roma people was habituated to give trust to richness families of Rome, by now independence
since the papacy absence, thereupon offense and verbal menaces as attack to
cardinal above all French was normal. The words that during this conclave the
Roman people said: “The new pope if he isn’t Roman he must be at last Italian”,
is repeated very much in historical literature, but I think that it is alone a
false testimony after centuries of Italian popes, it is normal, also and above
all economic motives, that the Roman people wanted a Romano pope; but the
author of book that we have seen above(Antipapi) has given the motive to this
essay, in fact he says: “Before that the Roman people pressures, something of
incontrollable and divisive compromised the wit of conclave. These are the internal
rivalries. After seventy years of French popes they have given to French prelates
very much power above all from region of Limousin…”, this is motive of election
of against pope, that although was not French he was concord to French
cardinals about predominance of French on papacy, otherwise he could not be
elected against pope, he was French because born in Annecy, French, that alone
after died Clemens7th antipope, it was sold to Savoy in 1394, thereby he was
French. The election in this conclave the choose of new pope is meaningful
because isn’t chosen a cardinal but a prelate and jurist extern to holy
college, this is Bartolomeo Prignano,
elected with name of Urban 6th, Italian and distant from these
contentions, and he was elected almost unanimous 15 votes on 16; two elements
are very significant, the first that is chosen as pope an external to holy
college, and second is Italian, why? Simple because to the first a religious
external to college hasn’t had influence from some cardinal or others, and
second he is Italian, hence he break the French power; it is motive to election
of Robert of Geneva(1342-1394), elected with name of Clemens 7th;
the French cardinals wanted keep the power, this is motive to transfer to
Avignon, because after the election of Urban 6th, themselves voted Clemens
7th, because evidently the will of new pope to remark Roman role of
papacy invalidate their thinks about the return to Avignon of papacy; we can
think, with supreme right, that they have though what the Roman people hasn’t
said, paraphrasing the words above mentioned, this is: “The new pope if he isn’t
from Avignon at last French”, somebody that knows very short the history could
judge it as nationalism, but we on the earth answer that it is the search of power
alone.
Alessandro Lusana
.
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